Key Events in Portuguese History

Communism A Great Evil - 1011 Words

Communism is a lot like a bad relationship. It looked good on paper. In regards to the world’s most feared form of government, two things have been historically recurring. First, communism falls when those in power fall victim to the vice of greed. And second, most important to the US-centric concerns of The West, the United States shows a consistent opposition to the ideals of communism. The most notable example of America’s great fear of the perceived evils of communism can be seen during the 1950s. Following WW2, the U.S had witnessed what havoc communism can wreak upon a nation, namely the U.S.S.R. This concept, one of communism being a great evil, is as core to American ideals as any other we enjoy today. But when it comes down to it, a large amount of America’s fear of communism in the 50s was overblown. First, it needs to be understood that a lot of the problems that U.S faced in the fifties and sixties were not simply a result of communism, but a result o f flawed leaders. This is the point at which many historians draw the distinct line between fear of a legitimate threat in ideology, and using an ideology to group together groups of evils. While communism may be a flawed form of government, it certainly was not the cause of every problem the U.S attempted to make it out to be. A cartoon poster made and published just before the fifties was entitled ‘Is this Tomorrow?’. This piece of anti-communist literature portrayed a U.S in which communism was the preferredShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Between The United States And The Soviet Union861 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the early stages of the cold war, there was a great fear of the communist regime. Tension between the United States and the Soviet Union were rising well into the 1950s. Many would wonder how the cold war between the two sides would end. The threat of nuclear war between the two was fearful and could mean destruction. The various uprisings and wars in Asia especially China and Korea brought up various forms of tension and fear among the American populous. In the times around the EisenhowerRead MoreSoviet War : The Cold War1289 Words   |  6 Pagestrend in Soviet behavior, George Kennan an American diplomat alerted the Truman administration in 1946 that the Soviets government s goal was to spread communism throughout the world, and only the other superpower will be able to stop its spread. The Long Telegram from Moscow led the way for the measures to put a halt to the spread of communism otherwise known as the policy of containment. Finally in March of 1977, President Truman addressed the problem of growing Soviet expansion in a speech knownRead MoreCuban Politics And Its Effects On The United States1378 Words   |  6 Pagesglobal public and Fidel Castro recognized as an evil dictator. What is many times overlooked was the fact that Che Guevara was just as pivotal to the sinister Cuban regime. Che had major effects on the abuse of a society, Cuban politics, and the justification of evil. While still idolized by many, Che was far from a hero or a just man. Through the annals of history there have always been false idols who have abused power. The individuals who lead these great attacks on not only people that they attackRead MoreRonald Reagans Positive Influences1149 Words   |  5 Pagesintended to defend the United States from any nuclear weapon missile threat from other countries. This was proposed mainly to protect the U.S. from its extent threat, which was the Soviet Union at the time. Reagan wrote down in his diary addressing his Evil Empire Speech, â€Å"I did the bulk of the speech on why our arms build up was necessary and then finished with a call to the Science community to join me in research starting now to develop a defensive weapon that would render nuclear missiles obsoleteRead MoreWealth and Poverty: A Study on Communism and the Communist Manifesto1647 Words   |  7 PagesCommunism. The word sparks dread in the hearts of many Americans raised du ring the Cold War. What seems to be the basis for a potential utopian society in theory, so far has never, in practice, realized the desires of its institutors. Perhaps the reason communism has never been successful in effect lies in its most basic foundations. After all, a house, as most Texans can attest to, no matter how finely built, cannot stand careful scrutiny for cracks if its foundation is built on shifting soilRead MoreThe Cold War Between The United States Of America And The Soviet Union1501 Words   |  7 Pagescolor of the iceberg is the oldest symbol of communism, conveying reference to the Soviet Union’s â€Å"red flag† and â€Å"red army†. The negativity associated with the Soviet Union—thus, the color red—allows the iceberg in the propaganda to become a symbol of Communism and despair. The iceberg itself is the largest and most brightly colored illustration on the cover, compelling the viewer to focus on this structure of †Å"evil† ideology and representation of Communism over any other aspect. The gravestones restingRead Moremarx and carnegie1126 Words   |  5 Pagestoday. In â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†, Marx first introduces the two main social classes: bourgeois (the upper class) and proletarians (the lower class or working class). He points out the revolution of industrialism has made changes of Capitalism to Communism. He suggests that the rich should redistribute property evenly because the proletarians have put a lot effort contributing in the revolution. In contrast, Carnegie analyzes in â€Å"The Gospel of Wealth†, the unequal distribution of wealth is a naturalRead MoreAyn Rands Philosophy1029 Words   |  4 Pagesof her greatest accomplishments that are now known worldwide. Ayn Rands harsh first hand experiences with Communism and the Russian Revolution as a child influenced her to write Anthem because she wanted to express the flaws found in Collectivism. Anthem has much more than an autobiographical significance. One of the origins for the novella was Rand’s own experiences with Soviet Communism. The book is an exposition of novels, movements and ideas that have greatly influenced our world. (Cox) Rand’sRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union964 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the United States and the former Soviet Union, referred to as the Cold War, was one in which no fighting occurred directly between the two powers. The primary reason for the war for the Soviet Union was to spread communism while the U.S. attempted to stop the spread of communism to make way for capitalism. The U.S. and the Soviet Union considered themselves different to their core, but they used identical tactics to fight this war. Although the Cold War was considered and arms race, such thatRead Morethe cause of the cold war Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagesthe US and the USSR followed a pattern of action and reaction; and that neither nation had a definitive plan of action (Todd, 2009). Also, after President Roosevelt was replaced by Truman, the US foreign policy adopted a hardline stance towards communism. Thus, President Trumans hardline stance foreign policies played a significant role in causing the Cold War because of the paranoia and upset it caused in the USSR. One of Trumans policies that may have played a role in starting the Cold War

The School Community And Families Essay - 1600 Words

Part 1: The School Community and Families The place where I have been privileged enough to perform my fieldwork has been KIPP Washington Heights Middle School, which is a charter school located in the Mirabal Sisters School in 168th St., New York. This building has a very friendly atmosphere and feel to it. In the morning, the outside of the building tends to be very packed since there is a total of three different schools within the building. There are lots of parents who drop their children off at school in the morning, nonetheless, the majority of the parents who drop off their students are mostly parents of fifth and sixth grade students. There are also children who walk to school in the morning with their siblings since they attend the same school. Outside of the school building, are three security guards who welcome and greet the students, parents, and faculty into the building. As the students are walking in the building, the parents are socializing with one another and greeti ng the faculty of the school. Once the parents see that their children make it into the building safely, they slowly start to take off and wave goodbye to other parents and staff members. As one enters the building, you can see everyone parts and takes their own route depending on which of the three schools they attend or work for. As soon as you walk on, you see posters and reminders of different activities posted on the school doors. The halls are full of bulletin boards that introduce youShow MoreRelatedCommunity Involvement Pl The School, The Family And The Community2277 Words   |  10 Pagesfactors in the educational effort: the school, the family and the community. I having a deep belief that it is possible to establish meaningful connections between parents, teachers, students and neighbors. I hope to generate a dimension of education that is integral and integrative, it is highly relevant because it is adapted to the real conditions and needs of the community. Research has demonstrated the immense value of partnerships between parents, communities and teachers. It is for the greaterRead MoreReflection On Family School And Community Engagement1462 Words   |  6 PagesFamily, school, and community engagement is a shared responsibility and a continuous process that occurs wherever children learn and throughout their development into young adults† (National family, school, and community) Engagement Working Group. http://iel.org/fce . The goal is to promote an engagement that will bring communities, children, and families together as partners to support children’s learning, development and also provide some families with varies resource services to those who needRead MoreThe Impact Of Residential Schools On Communities And Families1975 Words   |  8 Pages The Impact of Residential Schools on Communities Families When residential schools began the kids were forcibly taken away, leaving the parents at home alone with no one to look after but each other. This became a huge issue within the communities because a huge part of First Nations life and culture is to educate your children, pass on the culture and to take care of them. These parents couldn’t do that, which left them feeling helpless and broken. Children are a huge part of First NationsRead MoreFamily School Community Partnership ( Fsc Partnership )1543 Words   |  7 Pages Family-School-Community Partnership What is a partnership? According to www.merriam-webster.com, â€Å"partnership is a relationship resembling a partnership and usually involving close cooperation between parties having specified and joint rights and responsibilities† (accessed 9/14/16). The information provided in this paper will answer the following questions: What is a Family-School-Community Partnership (FSC partnership), what the framework for forming a partnership is, and who or what would benefitRead MoreMy School s Current Family And Community Engagement Assessment839 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this Family and Community Engagement Assessment is to analyze my school’s current family and community engagement efforts as related to students with disabilities. When considering the NCLB subgroups, it is important to note that my school does not have any students that receive free lunch or would be considered economically disadvantaged. However, we have a considerably large, growing populat ion of students that are categorized as disabled. 20% of our students have a disabilityRead MoreStudents With Disabilities For My Family And Community Engagement Assessment And School Community Relations Plan989 Words   |  4 Pagesdisabilities for my Family and Community Engagement Assessment and School-Community Relations Plan. As we know, NCLB subgroups include economically disadvantaged students, students from major racial and ethnic groups, students with disabilities under the IDEA, and students with limited English proficiency. In my district, we do not have any students that receive free lunch or would be considered economically disadvantaged. According to the NJ School Performance Report for my school, 92.5% of our studentsRead MoreDeveloping A Stronger Home And School Partnership865 Words   |  4 Pagesthe need to engage families and communities of diverse backgrounds and cultures. According to the 2012 â€Å"MetLife Survey of the American Teacher,† it identi fied family engagement as one of the most challenging aspect of their work. Schools and teachers want to develop a stronger home and school partnership with shared responsibility of the results, but are not always sure of how to make that happen. Likewise, families and communities have a great desire to partner with schools but often encounterRead MoreLyon Park s Community And Recreation Center1002 Words   |  5 PagesLyon Park’s CommUNITY Scholars After School Tutorial Program is located within Lyon Park Community Family Life and Recreation Center. The building was originally constructed in 1922 as the Old Cemetery School. The school was an African American school, eventually abandoned, until Durham’s West End community established the building as a community space (Lyon s Park School; West End Community Foundation, Inc). In 2002, the Community Family Life and Recreation Center opened, housing an auditoriumRead MoreCommunity School Model And Community Development Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesJacobson (2014) suggest that community schools that partner with several organizations, may have limitations. These limitations may include an inability to appropriately categorize the role of various organizations and their capacity for contribution. Affiliate members may not fit into a prescribed category. Therefore, accounting for the various changes in the dynamics and the degree to which various organizations can contribute individual schools, students and residents of low-income neighborhoodsRead MoreParent And Community Relationships : Parent Community Involvement806 Words   |  4 PagesParent and Community Relationships Parent and Community involvement does not occur overnight. Schools must make parent and community involvement a priority, valuing and accepting each other’s differences. Schools, families and communities must work together to support all students in a learning environment to ensure every student is a successful learner. Positive family and school involvement fosters a partnership among all schools encouraging students to reach their highest potential academically

The Long Term Goals Of The Family - 1156 Words

After discussing with the family, the nurse works with them to come up with some goals. The long-term goal is that the family will implement and comply with the prescribed treatments. By complying with the prescribed treatments, it will hopefully lead to less conflict. If Pat Sr. and Pat are taking medicine and going to therapy, the conflict should decrease. The family decides with the nurse that this is a good goal to work toward for long-term benefit. Another, more immediate, goal they decide on is that the family will keep the police from coming for the next two days starting today. This is a goal that the nurse will be able to measure easily. The neighborhood will benefit by not constantly having the police come. The family will benefit because the police come to check in when there is fighting. The family will make one adjustment in the usual activities to incorporate therapeutic regimens of its members. This could be watching Pat take his pills and being sure he actually does, it could be attending family therapy, or even taking some time to be together as a family. The point of this goal is to create a space for the individual members treatment can aid in reducing conflict in the family as a whole. Lastly, the family will express two triggers of tension to the nurse by the end of the session. By being able to verbalize the triggers, it can help the family see what causes conflict. Each person will have their own trigger and hopefully by verbalizing them it canShow MoreRelatedMy Family Is My Long Term Goal902 Words   |  4 Pagesdo what I can. Recently, I realized that I had to start taking care of well being and myself in order to care for others. Getting to that point in my life where I am situated and stable so that it becomes easier for me to do more for my family is my long-term goal. My parents were both born in Central America. They came to the United States â€Å"por tierra† which literally translates to â€Å"through land.† This means they did not have the luxury to sit on a plane and were considered aliens as soon as theyRead More My Personal Goals Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesset goals for life. On occasion these goals are far stretched and sometimes even fairy-tale like, we tend to see life through a rose-colored glass, not taking into account the many sidetracks life throws our way. At that stage in life our goals tend to be less focused and somewhat unreachable. However, the process of growing up, or maturing, tends organized and center our goals, we learn to make compromises and set goals for our goals. There are different types of goals, short term and long termRead MoreGoals1374 Words   |  6 PagesGoals Kimberly Jones October 14, 2013 Goals My objective to obtaining my professional and personal goals is to increase my knowledge through education and work experience and steps that I will need to take to obtain my goals. In this paper I will discuss skills that I need to obtain and milestones I need to achieve, barriers I need to overcome, and time management strategies that I will need to work on. By obtaining my Bachelor’s degree I will not only fulfill my long-term personal goal butRead MoreQuality Management Assessment Summary Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesWebb Management will assess quality management in long-term care facilities (LTC).This assessment will address the definition of quality care, and describe key concepts of quality management. This assessment will set short-term and long-term goals of LTC facilities, and describe the internal and external factors that may affect these goals. This assessment will also recommend quality management policy that will facilitate the reaching of those goals. A single definition of quality is elusive becauseRead MoreRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary1698 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement in a Long-Term Care facility. The subject will evaluate and will deliver the explanation of quality care, and provide good strategic concepts of quality management. The subject will provide synopsis of long-term and short-term of a Long-Term Care facilities, and will provide an explanation of the external and internal factors that may influence these goals. This paper will also endorse this kind of quality management policy that will simplify the reaching of those goals. â€Å"Quality managementRead MoreStrategic Leadership : A Successful Or Unsuccessful Church And Ministry1638 Words   |  7 Pagesbut also a strategic plan for the present. This research paper contains an in-depth look at the necessary demand to balance short-term and long-term needs and plans in strategic leadership, which is developed from organizational theory, leadership theory and Scripture. This issue in strategically leadership will then be applied to Grace Church and ministry to families. Balancing Current and Future Orientations The definition of strategic leadership is â€Å"when they create the direction, alignment, andRead MorePersonal Goals Paper1281 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Goals Paper Alice Bennett HCS/301 Undergraduate Nursing Studies March 8, 2011 Cora Barrios Personal Goals Paper A goal is defined as something that you hope to achieve. Setting goals will give you long-term vision and motivation; it will help keep you focused on organizing your time and your resources so that you can make the most of your life. Objectives 1. Identify one professional short-term and one long-term goal. 2. Identify one personal short-termRead MoreMy Personal Action Plan For 20171464 Words   |  6 PagesIncluded in my Personal Action Plan for 2017 are several goals that I need to achieve in order to reach my long-term personal objectives. They include, earning a promotion to Vice President, saving $3.5 million for retirement, maintaining my health, and attaining an MBA degree. All four long-term objectives are specific, relevant to me, in line with my life goals, and time-bound. Most importantly, they are attainable, so I can set new goals once these are met. Furthermore, I am cognizant of theRead MoreOntarios Long Term Care Homes Act1670 Words   |  7 PagesOntario’s Long-Term Care Homes Act, 2007 (LTCHA) was created under the Long-Term Care Homes Act and began on July 1, 2010. The current LTCHA eventually replaced the Homes for the Aged, Nursing Homes Act, and Rest Homes Act as well as the regulations that fall under the above Acts. In Ontario, all of the long-t erm care homes are now administered by one legislation that is called the Long-Term Care Homes Act. 2007. The Long-Term Care Act was to benefit and work with seniors to improve their overallRead MoreGraduate Study Challenges and Strategies for Personal Success1589 Words   |  7 Pagesto pursue a graduate study, and like all major decisions in one’s life, it comes with challenges, which were of an emotional, financial, and organizational nature in my case. To facilitate success, setting goals is most commonly seen as the way forward. In addition to discussing setting goals and milestones, I will be exposing the challenges met in the road to success and the related strategies to overcome them in the next few paragraphs. Background If one research why people pursue a graduate

What do the poems Churning Day and An Advancement of Learning tell us about Seamus Heaneys childhood Essay Example For Students

What do the poems Churning Day and An Advancement of Learning tell us about Seamus Heaneys childhood Essay Seamus Heaney was born to a rural family, in 1939, in Northern Ireland. Heaney grew up on a farm, as his father was a great farmer. Heaney had great admiration for ordinary farming folk, but did not want to be a farmer himself. His poems often celebrate the skills of the ordinary rural people like the poem Churning Day. He also deals with the loss of childhood innocence and move to adulthood like in An Advancement of Learning. These two poems deal with simple experiences but important. His language is very sensuous. Experiences are evoked by sounds especially onomatopoeia and alliteration. The themes in these poems include family relationships, closeness and security in the family, nature, the love of nature but also the negative view of nature, and moving from childhood to adulthood. For Seamus Heaneys family, Churning Day is an important Day, I say this because Heaney gives the title Day which emphasizes its importance, (for example New Years Day,) it does not happen or occur everyday, (this is just like Churning Day,) it does not take place everyday, so it is special. It is not only the day that is important, but also the time the family spends together. For them Churning Day is the time to make butter but also to spend quality time with their family. It is also a valuable process, because as the title says butter is being made, which is very valuable to them, it is like gold and sunlight to Heaneys family, this is because they can sell the butter, when it is made, and also they can eat it, as they worked very hard to make it and their arms ached and hands blistered. He remembers the day very well, as he describes it in great detail. Heaney gives us a vivid image of what is going on. For example when the butter is made Heaney describes it as gold flecks, which is sight imagery, this goes through the whole poem. And he also takes us through the process (All Stanzas). It is obvious Heaney is writing the poem after the event when he was an adult. This is because he uses complex wording such as gravid ease and also uses past tense moved this shows us that he is narrating the poem after the actual event. And because it is in such detail we can see it was a special day to him, it was one of his memories from childhood. Heaney lived in a simple rural area, in Ireland. His family did not have any machinery to make the butter, they slugged and thumped for hours whereas if they had machinery the work would have been done quick and easier. Heaney had a simple upbringing. Heaney had what he needed and what was necessary, this was because Ireland was slightly behind in Heaneys time. Heaney is exposed to nature quite a lot. Churning Day is all natural as there is no machinery used it starts from the hot brewery which is the cow, this is a metaphor as the cow is not really a hot brewery- but it is what starts the process- to the person churning the butter. Heaneys environment is full of nature coarse-grained as limestone rough-cast this is a simile showing how the thick crust was as rough limestone, which there is a lot of in Ireland. There are no machines to make the butter with; everything is done by hand. They have to do everything by themselves. They put all their hard work into Churning the butter which makes it more valuable. Heaney even contrasts the setting milk to clotting blood, coagulated sunlight, this shows that the milk is beginning to set just like when blood is clotting. There is also a realistic view of the butter, house would stink this shows the smell in the house after the butter was churned, this shows that it was done by hand as if machinery was used then there would not be any smell left over. In Churning Day we can see Heaney is fond of nature as it brings good things, after the hard work, as the butter was made after all the hard work put into it. An Advancement of Learning is very important memory for Heaney as it was when he confronted a rat. We can see it is a very important event, as he would always be deferring the bridge, because it would mean coming face to face with a rat. Compare and Contrast Theater, Poetry and Fiction EssayChurning Day has a slight bit of religion in it, as Heaney uses purified, this is not only for religion but it does remind us of religion. Whereas in An Advancement of Learning there is no mention of religion or there are no words that fit in with religion. Also churning day is like a ritual. And the family is united in the butter making ritual, just like people are united in the church. Heaney appreciates nature in Churning Day as it brings good things, for example butter. Whereas in An Advancement of Learning Heaney does not like nature, he does not appreciate it as much as he does in Churning Day. He thinks of nature as dirty. The atmosphere is very different. Both poems show us that Heaney is from a farming family. There is also a lot of difference in the structure. In Churning Day Heaney uses a full stop at the end of each stanza, his could be to show us the next stage of the process. Also in Churning Day the third stanza is indented, this could be because the butter has gone from liquid to becoming a solid. In An Advancement of Learning Heaney uses a lot of enjambment such as wearing in stanza 1. This could be to continue the poem. But I think he does this to let us imagine the scene before anymore is added. When he uses enjambment in stanza 4 Incredibly then, this builds up the tension and the reader wants to read on. An Advancement of Learning is an allegory. It has two different meanings behind it, not only confronting the rat, but also crossing the bridge from childhood to adulthood. Churning Day is a slight allegory as it brings out ideas of family unity. It shows family closeness as well. There are quite a few differences in the structure of each poem. Churning Day there are only four stanzas, with nine lines in the first and the third and eight lines in the second and last. Whereas in An Advancement of Learning there are eight stanzas with four lines in each stanza. Every line does not start with capital letter and there are very few full stops, they are only there at the change of a stage. Whereas in An Advancement of Learning each line begins with a capital letter. There is an intendment in stanza three this could be because the butter has now turned from liquid to solid. There is not a certain rhyme scheme but the noise and the movement makes up the rhyme scheme, plumping kettles. There is a rhythm but it is difficult to describe. It varies according to what is being described. That is the same as An Advancement of Learning. The poems do not tell us much about Heaneys childhood. Although they do tell us a few points such as his family unity and also his fears. The poem Churning Day does tell us that he is happy in the simple rural life. Both the poems are very different as in Churning Day Heaney is with his family and they go through the whole process together. Whereas in An Advancement of Learning he is alone and has to come face to face with the rat himself. Heaney shows his childhood to be secure in Churning Day. I can slightly relate Churning Day to myself, and that is only the family unity. But I cannot relate An Advancement of Learning to myself, as I have not really come across anything like it. The best element of Churning Day is the family unity and also security because it shows the love the family has for each other. The best element of An Advancement of Learning is when Heaney crosses the bridge and confronts his fear and moves on as it shows bravery and courage, and victory because he stood up to the rat. Both poems are good in their own ways.

Research and Decision Making Capital and Physical Resources

Question: Describe about the Research and Decision Making for Capital and Physical Resources. Answer: Introduction The article provides an overview about how human capital and physical resources are prearranged as well as organized in a concentrated and productive manner in order to generate equal and dispersed economic advantages. In this case, competitiveness should not be confused with competition that is concerned with how a company or country can outflank its competitors based on price and quantity. On the other hand, competitiveness is also determined to a large extent by the ability of a country to innovate and expand areas of competencies. Singapore and New Zealand are among the most competitive countries in the tropics, described by countries lying in the belt of the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. Critical Analysis - Competitiveness and innovation landscapes in the tropics: a comparison of Singapore and New Zealand during 1999-2008 Singapore is a small nation-state that became independent in the year 1965 and has continued to enjoy a sustained period of investment both in infrastructure as well as in well education. The major source of the new technology in the domestic firms of Singapore is FDI. The country has grown in tandem with industrialization as well as shipping activities in the year 1980. However, the country had improved a lot from the recession that took place in the year 2001 to expand rapidly through to 2007. The slowdown that took place in the year 2008-2009 did not affect Singapore despite leading to global financial crisis. The highly developed and successful free market economy led to the GDP growth in Singapore by 7.6 percent. This indicated a very strong performance, despite huge quarterly fluctuation between the year 2008 and 2010. As a result, Singapore also enjoys a high per capita GDP as compared to other developed countries. The high per capita GDP is also mostly due to the fact that th e country heavily depends on exports, particularly on information technology goods and pharmaceuticals (Kuah, 2014). On the other hand, during the year 1950 New Zealand was among the countries that had the highest GDP per capita. As a result, in the year 1973 the country became the part of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. However, in the year 1987, the average quarterly GDP growth of the country was only 0.57 percent. Based on purchasing power parity the GDP per capita averaged US$ 23,333 between 1998 and 2009. The major reason that led to the fall in GDP in New Zealand was the small formal emphasis on FDI as well as sluggish productivity. However, the country embarked on key economic reforms that included privatization as well as opening up of markets. Since then, the nation has renovated its public sector, rationalized its research institutes, promoted public-private new knowledge-exchange relationships, and slackened its markets. This was also possible with the help of the government of New Zealand who transformed the economy from an agrarian economy t o that of a more innovation-oriented market economy that could compete internationally (Yue, 2015). The competitive analysis on the Global Competitiveness Index is mostly based on the World Economic Forum. Global Competitiveness Index is a comprehensive index that captures both microeconomic and macroeconomic foundation of national competitiveness. According to this index, Singapore had constantly ranked in the top 3 countries. It was only in the year 2010 that Singapore entered the top 10 ranking for innovation due to its stellar performance. The major reason was that despite a decent performance in trade sophistication, a weakness also stays. The weak performance of New Zealand was observed mostly because of its innovation as well as trade complexity and the gap in performance comparative to the other two groups had broadened over time. The key reason for this is the problems related to local supplier quantity with cluster development gaps (Elias, 2013). Concentrating on modernism in particular, New Zealand displays poor performance in innovation and trade sophistication comparative to their basic necessity and competence enhancers. However, on the other hand Singapore had performed comparatively better on innovation as compared to trade sophistication. This was mostly because; government was successful in the creation of superior circumstances in its business environment. Despite the fact that scientific and research institution ranked high in New Zealand, the limited availability of scientists and engineers slowed down innovation. According to reports, the government of New Zealand did not supposedly acted as an adequately complicated and challenging purchaser of advanced technological commodities. In order to address these gaps, some primary adjustments to trade competition are required. This will in turn support a move towards more niche type approaches where commodities and services are the entity of firms (Shangqin, McCann Oxl ey, 2013). One of the core determinants of competitiveness is innovative capacity as it is likely to have restricted capacity to create raised output from further investments in capital. The upholding of competitiveness under powerful global competition had always remained a central challenge for both Singapore and New Zealand. The position of government can be imperative to the expansion of national competitiveness. However, the cluster policy aspects stay controversial. In this case, the government requires to adopt a laissez-faire strategy and accept the free market view of the economy with a crave to protect as well as reinstate free market administration in areas that are not self-governing. Another most important determinant that leads to innovation is research and development. It has been identified that policies with a short-term advantage as well as those that hold back competition as well as innovation may damage firms in the long-run. As a result, those countries will no longer be ab le to protect their firms through business protection as well as subsidies as in the past. Hence, they require to seek to uphold competitiveness through a wide range of economic, internationalization and innovative measures that will enhance human capital, output, innovation and knowledge. It can be analyzed that both Singapore and New Zealand should maintain competitiveness (Fraj, Matute Melero, 2015). The Ministry of Trade and Industry is accountable for promoting monetary growth as well as creation of job in Singapore. The major agencies within the Ministry of Trade and Industry comprises the Economic Development Board, International Enterprise Singapore as well as a newly recognized agency known as Science, Technology and Research. The Economic Development Board acts as a central medium for FDI and supposedly enjoys direct contact to all government ministries. With the help of EDB, Singapore gets the support from FDI, as it will be able to maintain close contact with trade requirements. On the other hand, International Enterprise Singapore encourages as well as provides support to large potential local firms for outward investment (Chang, 2014). It is claimed by the MTI officials, that the national expenditure in a RD structure is made possible after 15 years. However, a RD framework should be made available within a less possible time to make the RD development more advanced in Singapore. Several schemes will reduce RD costs by co-sharing costly facilities as well as accelerating the development timeline. Levies are ring-fenced by the Singapore Government for expenditure in infrastructure and RD. As per the reports, RD expenditures had always remained high in Singapore. It is imperative to reduce the cost that will help the economy of Singapore to conserve cash. In that case, the companies require to become a customer or supplier of former internal projects. It is also important to reduce RD expenditures during a downturn. Singapore also has a huge number of RD employees that includes industry, higher education and government (Montoya et al., 2014). During the year 2006, the percentage of GERD measured against GDP is 2.2 percent. Singapore produced more than 42,832 scientific publication between the year 1999 and 2008 in total. The enormous incremental expenditure in RD resulted in 9,732 pamphlets per million population. As per the data, it can be analyzed that Singapore is concentrated in two academic organization in terms of scientific research. More than 56 percent of the companies in Singapore had undertaken research. The major global partner in scientific research for Singapore is the USA that presents about 12 percent of the total publication for the period 1999-2008. There has been a remarkable increase in collaboration score between China and Singapore as the geographic immediacy of Singapore to China is imitated in scientific alliance as well (Ayrikyan Zaman, 2012). On the other hand, the present reforms in RD landscape in New Zealand includes having former public research institutes that is compound and privatized into eight Crown Research Institutes. In the case of New Zealand, the department that is responsible for Science and Technology is the Ministry of Research. On the other hand, the ministry of education advices on the policies related to universities. The Ministry of Research provides policy advice on issues related to RST. It also collaborates with other governmental groups where RSTintersects with their work. As a result, the Ministry of Research is helpful for the economy and it should be followed (McGrath, 2015). A good share of scientific research by firms in New Zealand has been observed, where the firms co-authored for more than a quarter. As per the reports, there are more than Crown-owned companies and investigate institutes among the top-20 corporate publishers in New Zealand. This is analyzed to be helpful as the ministers of the Crown acts as the shareholding ministries in the companies (Kelsey, 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded that the suggestion made by field observation in the case of New Zealand transforms the previous public research institutes into privatized profitable operation. 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