Quick Biography of Benjamin Franklin free essay sample

Ben Franklin was born in 1706 as the tenth son of a soap maker named Franklin and his second wife, Folder. Ben Franklin worked as an apprentice at his brothers newspaper, The New England . After the newspaper got popular, Franklin sent In letters from a fake woman named Silence Do good, until his brother found out and scolded him. He ran away from his brothers harsh torment in 1723. When Franklin left, he went to Philadelphia to work on his own printing business.He eventually borrowed some money and began his own business, in which he worked diligently on his business. In 1730, Ben married his childhood sweetheart, Deborah Read. Together, the Franklins had their print shop, general goods store, and a book store, so one might say they were enterprising. In 1 733, Franklin took the alias Richard Sanders, and created Poor Richards Almanacs. This almanac not only included the weather reports, recipes and seed predictions like the others, but it also had witty aphorisms. We will write a custom essay sample on Quick Biography of Benjamin Franklin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of these aphorisms has meaning beyond just what it says: A quiet conscience sleeps in thunder, but Rest and Guilt live far asunder. A simplistic meaning for this aphorism is: Someone who is without fault sleeps well, while one who has done wrong and regrets it will have restless nights. EVERYDAY USE There is not an abundance of times when this phrase is used in present day. There are those times when a man can sleep, because he is free from guilt and regrets. Then there have been many cases in which the same man may not be able to sleep because he has wronged another, and he knows he has done wrong.These are examples of how it happens in daily life, although it is not normally said by people of this time period. This quote has become almost irrelevant in todays society. There is more than likely no normal person who knows this aphorism, let alone uses it. Even if a person is guilty or distraught, there is now medicine to help them sleep, so this quote Is not useful. Most people today have regrets and have done wrong, but it really does not matter because of these medicines that make people sleep.

How Dare a Writing Contest Take Your Rights

How Dare a Writing Contest Take Your Rights After posting the Story Shares writing contest in the newsletter a couple weeks ago, people wrote me, asking what I thought about the fact those who enter give up payment and rights You have read the terms correctly; we are asking writers who enter the contest to give us the rights to publish their stories widely and for free. This arrangement allows us to fulfill one of our core missions for Story Shares, which is to increase the library of materials available to teens and young adults who struggle with reading. If we only displayed the 5 winning stories, the library would not be nearly as big as it will be under the current terms for the contest. Since this is a nonprofit initiative, we are not seeking any financial benefit from publishing the stories. We are simply trying to do as much as possible to fill the need for more high-quality reading materials available to the millions of struggling teen and adult readers who need them. In order to do that, we need to retain the rights to publish stories for free. We understand that these might not be ideal conditions for you to publish and will be sorry to miss out on your story. Folks . . . being a nonprofit does not negate the need to pay your suppliers. They will pay the publisher. I guarantee that they pay the website designer and hosting service for the Story Shares site. They have access to grants and sponsors to fund these writers and all else they do, especially riding on the wave of education. Instead of trying to find the funds to pay the writers, they instead  take the work for free. And trust me . . . their promotion of you is not going to open many doors. In a subsequent email, they went on to say they endorse writers and promote them, though they are not paid. They claim to have great relationships with all their writers, saying, in essence, the organization isnt malicious or gold-digging. However, they are using the contest to populate their program. I get irritated with some literary journals that do the same thing, but at least those markets are selective and state that some non-winning stories may be considered for publication. Here, however, Story Shares states you give up rights upon submission. They are giving $5,000 in prize money. Why not use that money to pay smaller amounts to all writers who submit, calling it a Call for Submissions? I can tell you why. The substantial prize money is bait to gather more submissions that they can use for free. Sorry, but I dont think the Outreach Coordinator (who has published through Story Shares) who wrote me or the founders and CEO of the program are working for free. If they choose to do so, good for them; however, I take issue with the fact they think others should do the same. But somehowI sense they are getting paid. If you feel this is a good charitable cause, and wish to donate your work, feel free. But FundsforWriters was founded upon writers earning a living from their work, and therefore,  FundsforWriters does not endorse storyshares.org/ and apologizes for having listed it in a previous newsletter.

MBA Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

MBA Entrepreneurship - Essay Example The company seeks to provide storage facilities to the residents of the area along with additional packing, and moving services. Also, it seeks to ensure that the possessions of people are well protected and cared for. The market for the service is somewhat competitive in the sense that there are a few large scale competitors who can make it hard to launch and develop the storage facility. However, most of the competitors operate in certain particular areas and so none has a monopoly over the whole of Hong Kong. The market plan therefore, at least in the short run, is to start the storage facility business from a densely populated area (Kwun Tong) where there are a lesser number of competitors and a greater demand. In the long run, the company may concentrate on the spreading of the business to other areas. Over the past few years Hong Kong has progressed in terms of economic growth with an average GDP increase of 5% each year. (HKs Current Economic Situation) Although this has been beneficial for the domestic companies of Hong Kong (our company included) because of the increase in the domestic demand, however it is also true that the economic prosperity of Hong Kong has attracted many foreign investors. The presence of such investors poses a threat in the form of the competition that they generally provide. In order to overcome the consequent harsh operating conditions that have arisen, the company has concentrated on certain objectives. The company has formulated certain objectives keeping in mind certain observations from the past. This includes the clarification of the goals of the business that has to be started as Bergsman (2004) relates. The company is keen to invest in mini storage facilities often referred to as the self storage facilities. Self storage facilities consist of self storage spaces that are

Sec accredited investor for hedge funds PowerPoint Presentation

Sec accredited investor for hedge funds - PowerPoint Presentation Example According to this regulation, accredited investors are those individuals or group of investors who possess financial might and autonomy. These investors are legalized to invest in a higher risk investment such as hedge funds, limited partnerships, seed money, and private placements networks. It also refers generally to wealthy individuals and organizations such as insurance firms, banks, big charities, and some corporations who are allowed to invest in securities markets. These investors require very little protection offered by particular government filings. (Jaffer p. 134) As explained earlier, accredited investors are investors who are financially powerful and very rich individuals and to qualify as accredited investor, one must have at least one of the following: as an individual or together with his or her spouse must have a net worth more than $1 million. He or she must have stable financial income of more than $200,001 annually or a steady joint income of more than $300,000. One must be a director, general partner, or executive officer for the hedge fund . An employee benefit plan or a trust can qualify as accredited investors if the total asset exceeds $5 million. An American financial journalist known as Alfred W. Jones, in 1949, created the first Hedge fund. By then the funds were known to manage the investment risk due to dynamics in the financial markets. The number of hedge fund grew to over 200 by 1968. Hedge funds refer to privately managed accredited investment funds or securities markets. These are investments made in wide range of markets and large schemes and are bound by regulatory restrictions of a given country. In some countries like in U.S, the regulations restrict hedge fund involvement to certain group of accredited investors. These investments are quite flexible and often permit withdrawals or

Health Psychology Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health Psychology Master - Essay Example As Tudor (1996) states mental health should be seen as a 'positive concept', that must be seen as different from psychopathology. Good mental health is not only about not having difficulties which cannot be overcome, but also implies that the individual will develop in, an emotionally and intellectually, healthy way across their lifetime. These healthy skills will give the individual, child or adult, the strength to be able to manage when life's inevitable problems find them, as well as being able to form fulfilling interpersonal relationships (BMA, 2006; MHF, 2006). The term mental health covers a wide range of difficulties that individuals may encounter throughout their lives. These can range from everyday concerns, such as a homework deadline, to severe and crippling problems, such as depression (BMA, 2006). The ONS (2006) defines mental health disorders as a set of clinically recognised abnormal behaviour and symptoms, which cause the individual extreme distress and distortion to their everyday lives. These crippling problems cause great suffering for the individual, and severely affect their ability to function in everyday life. However, these disorders do not manifest over night. They are usually brought on slowly and have roots in childhood (Ahrons, 2004). Therefore, if British children are already suffering from mental health difficulties, then as an adult they will have a high chance of these problems continuing or reoccurring. As has been reported in the media (USAtoday, 2008; The Times, 2008; BBC, 2008) British society seems to be letting down their children, as they are reportedly 'the unhappiest children in Europe' (UNICEF, 2006). Other research has implied these same results (Alexander & Hargreaves, 2007; Porthouse, 2006). Research published in Porthouse (2006) stated that John Bradshaw has shown that British children were more unhappy than most of their European counterparts. This led to a flurry of research on the matter. Bradshaw's report (Porthouse, 2006) and later ones from UNICEF (2006) have suggested that Britain is one of the worst places for child health, that British teenagers have the second lowest score for their hopes and ambitions for their future careers and employment prospects. The UNICEF (2006) report covered six main dimensions including material wealth, family relationships and peer relationships, education, the child's subjective understanding of their well-being, all brought toget her to present an encompassing picture of British children's lives. Alexander & Hargreaves (2007) state that what was most striking from their research was the amount of agreement which the results showed, particularly in the main areas of 'educational purpose, curriculum and assessment, the condition of childhood and society, and the world in which today's children are growing up' (p.1). What was more striking though was the negativity and 'critical tenor' that these issues told the researchers. The researchers found repeatedly that the children felt under powerful or even extreme pressure from the schools they attended. However, Harris and Guten (1979) state an individual's health behaviour shows little consistency. They may go to the gym everyday to look after their bodies, and then eat fast-food burger on the way home. This makes applying theory difficult. In addition, health behaviour tends to change over periods of time, making conclusive assumptions of

Importance Of Grid Computing

Importance Of Grid Computing Today we are in the Internet world and everyone prefers to enjoy fast access to the Internet. But due to multiple downloading, there is a chance that the system hangs up or slows down the performance that leads to the restarting of the entire process from the beginning. This is one of the serious problems that need the attention of the researchers. So we have taken this problem for our research and in this paper we are providing a layout for implementing our proposed Grid Model that can access the Internet very fast. By using our Grid we can easily download any number of files very fast depending on the number of systems employed in the Grid. We have used the concept of Grid Computing for this purpose. The Grid formulated by us uses the standard Globus Architecture, which is the only Grid Architecture currently used Worldwide for developing the Grid. And we have proposed an algorithm for laying our Grid Model that we consider as a blueprint for further implementation. When practically implemented, our Grid provides the user to experience the streak of lightening over the Internet while downloading multiple files. Whats Grid computing? Grid Computing is a technique in which the idle systems in the Network and their wasted CPU cycles can be efficiently used by uniting pools of servers, storage systems and networks into a single large virtual system for resource sharing dynamically at runtime. These systems can be distributed across the globe; theyre heterogeneous (some PCs, some servers, maybe mainframes and supercomputers); somewhat autonomous (a Grid can potentially access resources in different organizations). 2. Grid computing (or the use of a computational grid) is the application of several computers to a single problem at the same time usually to a scientific or technical problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or access to large amounts of data. According to John Patrick, IBMs vice president for Internet strategies, the next big thing will be grid computing. Although Grid computing is firmly ensconced in the realm of academic and research activities, more and more companies are starting to turn to it for solving hard-nosed, real-world problems. 3.IMPORTANCE OF GRID COMPUTING: Grid computing is emerging as a viable technology that businesses can use to wring more profits and productivity out of IT resources and its going to be up to you developers and administrators to understand Grid computing and put it to work.Its really more about bringing a problem to the computer (or Grid) and getting a solution to that problem. Grid computing is flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources. Grid computing enables the virtualization of distributed computing resources suchas processing, network bandwidth,and storage capacity to create a single system image, granting users and applications seamless access to vast IT capabilities. Just as an Internet user views a unified instance of content via the World Wide Web, a Grid user essentially sees a single, large, virtual computer. Grid computing will give worldwide access to a network of distributed resources CPU cycles, storage capacity, devices for input and output, services, whole applications, and more abstract elements like licenses and certificates. For example, to solve a compute-intensive problem, the problem is split into multiple tasks that are distributed over local and remote systems, and the individual results are consolidated at the end. Viewed from another perspective, these systems are connected to one big computing Grid. The individual nodes can have different architectures, operating systems, and software versions. Some of the target systems can be clusters of nodes themselves or high performance servers. 4. BEGINNINGS OF THE GRID Parallel computing in the 1980s focused researchers efforts on the development of algorithms, programs and architectures that supported simultaneity. During the 1980s and 1990s, software for parallel computers focused on providing powerful mechanisms for managing communication between processors, and development and execution environments for parallel machines. Successful application paradigms were developed to leverage the immense potential of shared and distributed memory architectures. Initially it was thought that the Grid would be most useful in extending parallel computing paradigms from tightly coupled clusters to geographically distributed systems. However, in practice, the Grid has been utilized more as a platform for the integration of loosely coupled applications some components of which might be running in parallel on a low-latency parallel machine and for linking disparate resources (storage, computation, visualization, instruments). Coordination and distribution two fundamental concepts in Grid Computing. The first modern Grid is generally considered to be the information wide-area year (IWAY). Developing infrastructure and applications for the I-WAY provided a seminar and powerful experience for the first generation of modern Grid researchers and projects. This was important, as the development of Grid research requires a very different focus than distributed computing research. Grid research focuses on addressing the problems of integration and management of software. I-WAY opened the door for considerable activity in the development of Grid software. 5.TYPES OF GRID: The three primary types of grids and are summarized below: 5.1 Computational Grid A computational grid is focused on setting aside resources specifically for computing power. In this type of grid, most of the machines are high-performance servers. 5.2 Scavenging grid A scavenging grid is most commonly used with large numbers of desktop machines. Machines are scavenged for available CPU cycles and other resources. Owners of the desktop machines are usually given control over when their resources are available to participate in the grid. 5.3 Data Grid A data grid is responsible for housing and providing access to data across multiple organizations. Users are not concerned with where this data is located as long as they have access to the data. 6.OUR PROPOSED GRID MODEL: We are using the Scavenging Grid for our implementation as large numbers of desktop machines are used in our Grid and later planning to extend it by using both Scavenging and data Grid. Figure1 gives an idea about the Grid that we have proposed. Cycle_stealing CPU-scavenging, cycle-scavenging, cycle stealing, or shared computing creates a grid from the unused resources in a network of participants (whether worldwide or internal to an organization). Typically this technique uses desktop computer instruction cycles that would otherwise be wasted at night, during lunch, or even in the scattered seconds throughout the day when the computer is waiting for user input or slow devices. 6.PROBLEMS DUE TO MULTIPLE DOWNLOADING: While accessing Internet most of us might have faced the burden of multiple downloading and in particular with downloading huge files i.e., there can be a total abrupt system failure while a heavy task is assigned to the system. The system may hang up and may be rebooted while some percentage of downloading might have been completed. This rebooting of the system leads to download of the file once again from the beginning, which is one of the major problems everyone is facing today. Let us consider N numbers of files of different sizes (in order of several MBs) are being downloaded on a single system (a PC). This will take approximately some minutes or even some hours to download it by using an Internet connection of normal speed with a single CPU. This is one of the tedious tasks for the user to download multiple files at the same time. Our Grid plays a major role here. 8.CONCEPT OF OUR PROPOSED GRID: In order to avoid this problem we have formulated our own Grid for such an access to the Internet via an Intranet (LAN). By using our Grid these large numbers of files are distributed evenly to all the systems in the Network by using our Grid. For example we have taken into account of a small LAN that consists of around 20 systems out of which 10 systems are idle and 5 systems are using less amount of CPU(for our consideration) and their CPU cycles are wasted. And our work begins here, as we are going to efficiently utilize those wasted CPU cycles into working cycles. FIGURE 1: LAYOUT OF OUR INTRANET GRID 8.1WORKING OF THE PROPOSED GRID: When we are downloading multiple files using Internet the Grid formulated by us comes in to action. A dialog box will appear on the Desktop asking the user whether to use the Grid or not? If the user selects use the Grid, then automatically the available system resources in the Network are obtained by the Globus Toolkit. The configurations of the idle systems are noted and the highest configuration system gets the highest priority in the priority Queue. E.g. If there is a supercomputer with 8 CPUs, another Supercomputer with 5 CPUs and some other PCs with P3-2.0GHz, P4-2.0GHz, P4-2.5GHz, P3-1.0GHz, P31.3GHz, P4-1.5GHz, P3-1.13GHz, P4-2.4GHz are found in the Network. Then the order of priority will be: 1. Supercomputer-8 CPUs, 2. Supercomputer-5 CPUs, 3. P4-2.5GHz, 4. P4-2.4GHz, 5. P4-2.0GHz, 6. P3-2.0GHz, 7. P4-1.5GHz, 8. P31.3GHz, 9. P3-1.13GHz, 10. P3-1.1GHz. Now the user can click any number of files to download. The file size of each file is obtained and is stored in the priority Queue based on maximum size as highest priority. Now the highest priority fileis matched with the highest priority system in the Network. The files get evenly distributed to their matched idle systems. The downloading gets completed in those systems and these file gets stored in the common database. The authenticated user can access this database and can retrieve his file that he has downloaded. The various processes that are taking place in our Grid such as authentication, availability of resources, scheduling, data management and finally job and resource management are viewed by following a standard architecture The Globus Architecture. 9.EMPLOYING THE GLOBUS ARCHITECTURE IN OUR GRID: While planning to implement a Grid project, we must address issues like security, managing and brokering the workload, and managing data and resources information. Most Grid applications contain a tight integration of all these components. virtual_organisation The Globus Project provides open source software tools that make it easier to build computational Grids and Grid-based applications. These tools are collectively called the Globus Toolkit. Globus Toolkit is the open source Grid technology for computing and data Grids. On the server side, Globus Toolkit 2.2 provides interfaces in C. On the client side, it provides interfaces in C, Java language, and other languages. On the client side, the Java interfaces are provided by the Java Commodity Grid (CoG) Kit. Globus runs on Linux, AIX, HP-UX, Solaris, and also on windows operating systems. The Globus architecture represents a multiple-layer model. The local services layer contains the operating system services and network services like TCP/IP. In addition, there are the services provided by cluster scheduling software (like IBM Load Leveler) job-submission, query of queues, and so forth. The cluster scheduling software allows a better use of the existing cluster resources. The higher laye rs of the Globus model enable the integration of multiple or heterogeneous clusters. 10.ACCESSING THE INTRANET GRID: When any user wants to access our proposed Intranet Grid in order to download multiple files over the Internet, then he should follow certain procedures that we consider necessary for the security of our Grid. The main Requirements for Processing in Grid Environment are: Security: single sign-on, authentication, authorization, and secure data transfer. Resource Management: remote job submission and management. Data Management: secure and robust data movement. Information Services: directory services of available resources and their status. Fault Detection: Checking the intranet. Portability: C bindings (header files) needed to build and compile programs. 11.EXISTING ALGORITHM FOR GLOBUS ARCHITECTURE: Step[1]. Create security_proxy via GSI services Step [2]. Access a MDS-GIIS server Step [3]. Search for required machine(s) Step[4]. Rank the machine list based on a scheduling policy Step [5]. Prepare the data Step[6]. Transfer the data to the target machine by using GASS services Step [7]. Prepare a RSL document Step[8]. Submit the program using GRAM services Step [9]. React to status changes from GRAM Step[10]. Get results via GASS Here, we have got the resources available in the Network which is automatically done by have the Globus Toolkit in the server. When we want to download a file this information has to be matched with the client module and then the downloading has to be carried out in the clients. For this we have added some modules to the Grid Architecture. ADDED MODULE: Step [11]. Get the Information about files to be downloaded. Step[12]. Match the files with appropriate Machines. Step [13]. Store files in common database. Step[14]. Retrieval of data from database is done after proper authentication. Youll also see how Grid services and the very framework it all rests on is very much like object-oriented programming. 12.PROPOSED ALGORITHM FOR OUR INTRANET GRID: Steps to perform multiple downloading on the Grid. The host details are got from the server of the LAN in order to identify the various hosts. The host information is got whenever needed on the priority queue basis. //module for downloading files [1]. Start lookup // look for file size and resource information [2]. Declare nres, nfile // no of resources available and no of files [3]. Input nres, nfiles [4]. Input size // the file size [5]. Initialize P1 . res info // store the resource information in priority queue P1 with highest system configuration as priority [6]. Initialize P2 . file size // store the file information in the priority queue P2 with maximum file size as priority [7]. If condition (nfiles == nres) // check whether the no of resources is equal to no of files [8]. Initialize counter [9]. For (counter =1; counter [10].Assign the 1st file of P2 to the 1st node in P1.// first node will be node with highest configuration and first file will be the file maximum size. [11].Start processing // files directed to the appropriate system for accessing their wasted CPU cycles. [12].Loop [13].Else: [14].Start timer [15].Delay . 1 min [16].Collect incoming files // the files that the user clicked to download in this duration. [17].Assign the files . P2 [18].Goto step 8 [19].Goto step 1 [20].End // when the user exits from proposed Grid. 13. CHANLLANGES OF GRID A word of caution should be given to the overly enthusiastic. The grid is not a silver bullet that can take any application and run it a 1000 times faster without the need for buying any more machines or software. Not every application is suitable or enabled for running on a grid. Some kinds of applications simply cannot be parallelized. For others, it can take a large amount of work to modify them to achieve faster throughput. The configuration of a grid can greatly affect the performance, reliability, and security of an organizations computing infrastructure. For all of these reasons, it is important for us to understand how far the grid has evolved today and which features are coming tomorrow or in the distant future 14.Job flow in a grid environment Enabling an application for a grid environment, it is important to keep in mind these components and how they relate and interact with one another. Depending on your grid implementation and application requirements, there are many ways in which these pieces can be put together to create a solution. 15.Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing: For some, the comparison between these two types of computing could be hard to understand since they arent much exclusively to each other .Rather,they are used for enhancing the utilization of the available resources. The only differentiating factor between the two is the method it adopts for computing the tasks within there individual environments.In grid computing, a single big task is split into multiple smaller tasks which are further distributed to different computing machines. Upon completion of these smaller task, they are sent back to the primary machine which in return offers a single out put. Whereas a cloud computing architecture is intended to enable users to use difference services without the need for investment in the underlying architecture.Though, grid too offers similar facility for computing power ,but cloud computing is not restricted to just that.With a cloud users can avail various services such as website hosting etc. In some aspects Cloud Computing will beat Grid computing,In some aspects Grid Computing will beat Cloud Computing Technology. 16.Grid Usage : 1)Over view of AppLogic 2)Application Configuration 3)Application Provisioning 4)Application Template and Provisioning with AppLogic 2.3.9 5)Custom Application Development 6)Application Migration 7)Hands-on Custom Appliances 8)Creating Custom Appliances Catalogs 9)Building Appliances with the new APK 10)New Linux Distro Appliances 11)Application Architecture and Development 12)Building Application Scalability 13)Creating Assemblies 14)Installing c Panel on on Applogic 15)Volume Maintainence 16)Failure Handling Recovery 17)High Availability 18)Scalable cPanel Application overview 19)Backup and Disaster Recovery Strategies 17.ADVANTAGES Some advantages are quite obvious. No need to buy large symmetric multiprocessors(SMP) servers for applications that can be split up and farmed out to smaller servers (which cost far less than SMP servers). Results can then be concatenated and analyzed upon job(s) completion. Much more efficient use of idle resources. Jobs can be farmed out to idle server or even idle desktops. Many of these resources sit idle especially during off business hours. Grid environments are much more modular and dont have single points of failure. If one of the servers/desktops within the grid fail there are plenty of other resources able to pick the load. Jobs can automatically restart if a failure occurs. This model scales very well. Need more compute resources just plug them in by installing grid client on additional desktops or servers. They can be removed just as easily on the fly. Upgrading can be done on the fly without scheduling downtime. Since there are so many resources some can be taken offline while leaving enough for work to continue. This way upgrades can be cascaded as to not effect ongoing projects. Jobs can be executed in parallel speeding performance. Using things like MPI will allow message passing to occur among computer resources. Can solve larger, more complex problems in a shorter time Easier to collaborate with other organizations Make better use of existing hardware 18.DISADVANTAGES Grid software and standards are still evolving Learning curve to get started Non-interactive job submission 19 CURRENT PROJECTS AND APPLICATIONS The Enabling Grids for E-sciencE project, which is based in the European Union and includes sites in Asia and the United States, is a follow-up project to the European DataGrid (EDG) and is arguably the largest computing grid on the planet. This, along with the LHC Computing Grid (LCG), has been developed to support the experiments using the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The LCG project is driven by CERNs need to handle huge amounts of data, where storage rates of several gigabytes per second (10 petabytes per year) are required. A list of active sites participating within LCG can be found online as can real time monitoring of the EGEE infrastructure.The relevant software and documentation is also publicly accessible. Another well-known project is distributed.net, which was started in 1997 and has run a number of successful projects in its history. The NASA Advanced Supercomp-uting facility (NAS) has run genetic algorithms using the Condor cycle scavenger running on about 350 Sun and SGI workstations. Until April 27, 2007, United Devices operated the United Devices Cancer Research Project based on its Grid MP product, which cycle-scavenges on volunteer PCs connected to the Internet. As of June 2005, the Grid MP ran on about 3.1 million machines . Another well-known project is the World Community Grid . The World Community Grids mission is to create the largest public computing grid that benefits humanity. This work is built on the belief that technological innovation combined with visionary scientific research and large-scale volunteerism can change our world for the better. IBM Corporation has donated the hardware, software, technical services, and expertise to build the infrastructure for World Community Grid and provides free hosting, maintenance, and support. 20.CONCLUSION: Grid computing was once said to be fading out but due to the technological convergence it is blooming once again and the Intranet Grid we have proposed adds a milestone for the Globalization of Grid Architecture, which, leads to the hasty computing that is going to conquer the world in the nearest future. By implementing our proposed Intranet Grid it is very easy to download multiple files very fast and no need to worry about the security as we are authenticating each and every step taking place in our Grid and in particular user to access the database. Further implementations could be carried out in the nearest future. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks for having a review on our paper and awaiting for your comments and suggestions. BIBILIOGRAPHY: [1].The Globus Alliance, The Globus Toolkit 3.0. [2].Foster, The GRID: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure.Morgan-Kaufmann, 1999. [3].Foster, I, Kesselman, C, Nick, J.M., and Tuecke, S. The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration. WEB REFERENCES: [1].www.wikipedia.com [2].www.GridForum.org www.gridcomputingplanet.com [4]. www.globus.org/ogsa.2002 [5] http://www.gridrepublic.org/ Authors Biography A.Rajashree doing my B.Tech IT 2nd Year in Bannari Amman Institute of Technology ,Sathyamangalam,ErodeDistrict.My mail id is [emailprotected] .Mobile number:9965546234 Tharani.V doing my B.Tech IT 2nd Year in Bannari Amman Institute of Technology ,Sathyamangalam,ErodeDistrict.My mail id is [emailprotected] Mobile number:8508538449

Comparing Character in Child by Tiger and Most Dangerous Game Essay exa

Difference in Character in Child by Tiger and Most Dangerous Game In Thomas Wolfe's "The Child by Tiger," the character Dick Prosser is clearly more credible than General Zaroff in Richard Connell's "The Most Dangerous Game." This plausibility is due to each character's lifestyle, murder motives, and personal morals. The difference in the characters is very dramatic. Foremost, how and where one lives tell much about a person. General Zaroff appears to be living in an almost make-believe world. He has bought an island and made his home there. When Rainsford, another character in the short story, reaches the island, he begins looking for lights. Connell describes, "He came upon them as he turned a crook in the coast line, and his first thought was that he had come upon a village, for there were many lights" (11). Today, it would be ludicrous for a man to own an island all by himself. Conversely, Dick Prosser lives more realistically. He lives in a basement room of a home belonging to a white family. Wolfe explains, "The bare board floor was always cleanly swept, a plain bare ... Comparing Character in Child by Tiger and Most Dangerous Game Essay exa Difference in Character in Child by Tiger and Most Dangerous Game In Thomas Wolfe's "The Child by Tiger," the character Dick Prosser is clearly more credible than General Zaroff in Richard Connell's "The Most Dangerous Game." This plausibility is due to each character's lifestyle, murder motives, and personal morals. The difference in the characters is very dramatic. Foremost, how and where one lives tell much about a person. General Zaroff appears to be living in an almost make-believe world. He has bought an island and made his home there. When Rainsford, another character in the short story, reaches the island, he begins looking for lights. Connell describes, "He came upon them as he turned a crook in the coast line, and his first thought was that he had come upon a village, for there were many lights" (11). Today, it would be ludicrous for a man to own an island all by himself. Conversely, Dick Prosser lives more realistically. He lives in a basement room of a home belonging to a white family. Wolfe explains, "The bare board floor was always cleanly swept, a plain bare ...

In our time – An exquisite combination of literary technique and absurd realism

Through an exquisite combination of literary technique and absurd realism, Flannery O'Connor reveals to the reader a grotesque underside of life in the rural south of the United States. By combining a certain flare for dialogue, an intense and primal understanding of human nature, and the constant use of irony, O'Connor paints a vivid image of the world she witnessed around her while commenting on society and the importance of traditional values. O'Connor transfers the vulnerability of one into many, and her mastery of shifting control within the cast of characters, ensures the uncertainty of the outcome and in the process. This reminds us that none of the roles in our lives are stagnant and that by intentionally blinding ourselves to what we do not wish to see or recognize, takes away more than just a view. Through the unique verisimilitude of her stories, she reveals to us that what we attempt to disregard inevitably emerges again and again. One of the most distinguishing aspects of O'Connor's literature are the characters she portrays and develops. Each represent philosophies and personalities, which are derived through the mid 20th century southern lifestyle. Their response to diversity and adversity eventually leads to horrific sadness, tragedy and death, or the exposure of bizarre and atrocious values. With the constant use of religious imagery, tragic foreshadowing and humorous irony, the stories â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Everything that Rises must Converge† clearly demonstrate and portray O'Connor's ideology of the gradual breakdown of society as a whole with the internal collapse of traditional values. Predominant themes such as religion and racism provide a powerful statement on O'Connor's perspective of society. Through the effectiveness of these techniques, Flannery O'Connor successfully analyzes the existential plight of human existence and its conflict with traditional and religious conviction. In both stories, the antagonist is always a representation of traditional values, whether it is of strong Christian belief or of racial bigotry, whereas the protagonist is seen to take the form of modern scientific beliefs. In the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the antagonist is the Grandmother; she remains nameless throughout the story. The Misfit is the protagonist. Though it appears that the Grandmother is extremely manipulative and deceitful during the course of the story, as she was responsible for the deaths of the entire family, one must consider and observe the treatment she receives from her relatives. In the majority of the story, she is either ignored by her son and daughter in law, or rudely criticized by her grandchildren. The grandchildren are representative of the breakdown of respect and filial dependence seen throughout society. However, O'Connor also wanted to demonstrate the counterbalance to this concept: In my time,' said the grandmother, folding her thin veined fingers, ‘children were more respectful of their native states and their parents and everything else. People did right then. Oh look at that cute little pickaninny! ‘ she said and pointed to a Negro child standing in the door of a shack†¦ (Pg. 119) The idea that the grandmother refers to the Negro child as a ‘pickaninny' not only demonstrates blatant and unintentional racism, it subverts the lines of the respect that the hypocritical grandmother was previously referring to. Similarly, in the story â€Å"Everything that Rises†¦ , O'Connor demonstrates the breakdown of respect and dependence and generational confliction. The antagonist is played by Mrs. Chestny, who is similar to the grandmother in the sense that both mean well and both women hold strongly to their traditional beliefs. Julian Chestny, her son, takes the role of the protagonist, a smug and selfish young man who also represents a similar collapse. ‘They don't give a damn for your graciousness,' Julian said savagely. ‘Knowing who you are is good for one generation only. You haven't got the foggiest idea where you stand now or who you are. (Pg. 407) The fact that Julian has the right to question his own mother's authority and her wisdom and knowledge is direct evidence not only of his protagonistic, but of the lack of respect he has for this woman who obviously has seen and known much more than he has. O'Connor also exhibits the issue of racism in our society. Not only does she demonstrate it, but she executes the theme in such a way that it is obvious to the reader that she believes racial segregation will be witnessed in and around our society for many generations to come. One example of this is the fact that Julian does not realize that he himself is a racist. Being a hypocritical idealist, he displays an acute sense of anti-racism, but formulated in such exquisite irony, we find that he indeed is a racist due to his constant need to attempt to be anti-racist. Julian does not wish to accept the fact the descendant is unable to sever its bond with the ancestor. A generation cannot function without an impact from generations past. This is similarly found in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† and evidence can be found within the quote presented earlier. The grandmother is openly racist in front of the children, even though she does not realize that her comments were racist, thereby supporting her racism as a whole. It is due to previous generations that succeeding generations remain true to and hold on to traditional beliefs and values. Ironically in the case that O'Connor depicts, is the value of racism. O'Connor shows to the reader that racism is an organic being: it is able to sustain itself and survive through generational passage of culture and tradition. However, this is where the importance of Christianity comes into focus in O'Connor's stories. Being a devout Christian, she believed that the sole path to redemption and absolution was through religion. According to O'Connor, the only way to redeem oneself was through grace. Though this is seen to a lesser extent in both these stories as compared to several others, O'Connor demonstrates several aspects of religious allusion and symbolic image. The breakdown of society is further emphasized with the use of religious symbol in ‘Everything that Rises†¦ â€Å". She was almost ready to go, standing before the hall mirror, putting on her hat, while he, his hands beside him, appeared pinned to the door frame, waiting like Saint Sebastian for the arrows to begin piercing him. (Pg. 405) The allusion made in this quote is that of Saint Sebastian, a Roman martyr and an officer of the Praetorian Guard until Diocletian discovered his Christianity. His life lay in the hands of Roman archers, which is often the subject of many paintings. The arrows are frequently seen piercing his back, and in the case of Julian and his mother, represent the burden placed upon Julian. The idea that Julian perceives his own mother as a burden is remarkable. Julian does not have a job and lives with his mother at her home. Not only is he ruthless and critical of her thoughts and beliefs, he does not even consider that he might be the burden. Julian's idealistic hypocrisy is countered and revealed in the conclusion of the story. The title itself is a foreshadowing quality of the story, as one can expect inevitable conflict and perhaps, concession and compromise. Julian's hypocrisy is ironic, as he claims to know the real world better than anyone else. In the end, he is forced to understand the real world with the passing of his mother, revealing his weakness and vulnerability and the extent of dependence that he has on his mother. A tide of darkness seemed to be sweeping her away from him. ‘Mother! ‘ he cried. ‘Darling sweetheart, wait! ‘ Crumpling, she fell to the pavement. He dashed forward and fell to her side, crying, ‘Mamma, Mamma! ‘ (Pg. 420) This is the only point in the story in which Julian actually calls his mother a ‘mother' and a ‘mamma', revealing a glimpse of his past childhood. On the same page O'Connor writes, The tide of darkness seemed to sweep him back to her, postponing moment to moment his entry into the world of guilt and sorrow. (Pg. 420) It is interesting that in the first quote, the tide sweeps Mrs. Chestny to Julian, and in the second it sweeps Julian to Mrs. Chestny. This further demonstrates Julian's dependence on his mother. He has finally been able to enter the real world, the world he claims to understand and recognize. In â€Å"A Good Man†¦ â€Å", O'Connor uses certain forms of foreshadowing in the early passages of the story to ‘warn' the readers of future occurrences, and of certain religious aspects. They passed a large cotton field with five or six graves fenced in the middle of it, like a small island. (Pg. 119) The presence of five or six graves stimulates a period of realization for the reader, as the family consists of six people, giving an eerie sense or prescience of events yet to take place. This gives the reader the impression that the conclusion to the story will be shrouded with death and despair. Though this example of foreshadowing does not directly relate to O'Connor's theme of religion in her stories, it does in a sense foreshadow a further foreshadowing. .. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady. (Pg. 118) This quote is interesting, since it is because of her, that the family strays off their original path leading to Florida to one that heads for Georgia. It is also interestingly ironic as they do in fact have an accident, and the person who finds her does not see her as a lady. O'Connor uses the symbol of the path/road to identify the paths we take in life, or in this case, the proper path of religion. If the Grandmother had been the lady she claimed herself to be and if she remained true to the righteous path of Christianity (that of truth, virtue, honest, etc. ), the family would not have ‘strayed off path', and the proper path would not have led them to death. With the encounter with the Misfit, we find him to exemplify the contemporary world, exposing his protagonistic qualities. ‘I wasn't there so I can't say He didn't,' the Misfit said. ‘I wisht I had of been there,' he said, hitting the ground with his fist. It ain't right I wasn't there because if I had of been there I would of known†¦ if I had of been there I would of known and I wouldn't be like I am now†¦ ‘ (Pg. 132) We find the Misfit not only questioning the existence of a Supreme Being, but also addressing a common dilemma of the human consciousness. Though we are aware and mindful of our own existence, we remain primitive animals with violent and primal qualities and nature. The clash between our primal and animalistic instincts is in constant confliction with our metaphysical human nature. The development that develops between the Misfit and the Grandmother is amazing. We find belief to be anything beyond what we can see, hear, touch, smell, etc. Accordingly, any form of spiritual or anti-spiritual ideology is a leap of faith. O'Connor shows the reader that what the Misfit realizes, and what the Grandmother eventually realizes is the fact that sacred dogma and religious belief can no longer compete with the scientific and methodical views and the immorality of the modern world. O'Connor personifies the contemporary views dominating the modern world with her use of the Misfit. As society evolves, it begins to ignore traditional values, and according to O'Connor, acts as a catalyst for the eventual total breakdown of society. In our time, there are misfits and there are lost souls, many of whom unexpectedly play the roles in O'Connor's stories as ‘prophets', searching for faith and absolution, the messengers of ‘lost conscientiousness'. These prophets are used as tools to not only expose the truths and cruelties of the modern world, but also ushers the readers into a psyche of dark and desperate thoughts and feelings which engulf the human soul, imbuing them with a state of utter helplessness in view of the imminent doom in which the reader can foresee during the story. This exposed darkness, which is a prominent figure in the human condition, takes the concept of the human condition itself to a particularly unnatural level and undesired truth of human understanding. From a grandmother who indirectly destroys her own family through her acts of attempted good will, to a non-existent and unresolved mother – son relationship united and divided under the influence and reality of racism and the tragedy that concludes the story, Flannery O'Connor makes a statement on the affiliation between the justification of religious and traditional values, and the corruption and destruction of society, ranging from the 40s / 50s era of black prejudice to an almost ludicrous extent of religious fanaticism. O'Connor's main statement was that humanity as a whole has strayed off its path, just as the Grandmother and her family did in â€Å"A Good Man†¦ â€Å". This story can arguably be labeled as a form of foreshadowing itself, as it shows what would happen if humanity continues on its irregular path. Just as the Grandmother and her family met brutal and untimely death as a result, O'Connor is showing us that we too, will experience this, should we continue life this way. Her numerous statements on the dark realities of our world are reminders of what we have to overcome. She demonstrates the constant clash between the modern and the traditional. We must understand that we contain and determine our fate. It seems plain that O'Connor feels that the eventual outcome will be the death of society. In the stories â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Everything that Rises must Converge†, Flannery O'Connor uses her prophetic characters in combination with Christian imagery, apocalyptic foreshadowing, and the ubiquitous evils permeating society to this particular level, and leaves the reader closing the book with a feeling of complete despondency for the future of mankind.

Buddhism Teaches Amazing Ideas And Principles Religion Essay Example

Buddhism Teaches Amazing Ideas And Principles Religion Essay Example Buddhism Teaches Amazing Ideas And Principles Religion Essay Buddhism Teaches Amazing Ideas And Principles Religion Essay they still believe it is carried on in some signifier. Buddhism and Christianity portion a basic regulation of behaviour which governs how they should handle others in this universe. Which means do into others as you would hold them make into you. Buddhism and Christianity both had really loving instructors, Buddha and Jesus, who taught the word of their faiths. Both Buddha and Jesus taught their followings to love people unconditionally, seek to be altruistic, to work for others, and to work on experiencing compassion for others unconditionally. The foundations of both faiths were based on love, compassion, and moralss. Both faiths have obvious similarities in ethical behavior, and how you chose to populate your life is really of import for both faiths. For many old ages followings in both faiths have given up worldly and material ownerships to go closer to God ; or Nirvana for Buddhists. Both faiths besides teach that you should non take life from fellow adult male, intending you should non kill. Besides, both Buddhist and Christians believe you should non steal, or take what is non yours. Buddhists use mediation to unclutter their heads ; I believe supplication is a batch like this. Sometimes supplication can go a province of head much like mediation. When we pray or mediate, we are making it in quiet topographic point to go unagitated and closer to our faith. Besides, like all faiths, both Buddhism and Christianity have many different types of subdivisions. Buddhism has Mahayana, Vajrayana, Chan or Zen, and Pure Land. Each subdivision has different ways of acquiring closer to enlightenment or Nirvana, but portions the same initiation rules. Christianity besides has many different subdivisions such as Catholic, Baptist, Pentecostal, Methodist, Lutheran, and many more. Just like the subdivisions of Buddhism, Christianity s subdivisions have different instructions and ways to make Eden and God, but all of the founding rules are the same. In the terminal both faiths are based on really valuable thoughts and instructions that many could larn from. As you can see, a batch of these rules are the same in both faiths. Buddhism and Christianity might hold a batch of differences but all that truly affairs is, both faiths are all about being the best individual you can perchance be. There are many differences when it comes to the faiths Buddhism and Christianity ; in fact there are more differences so there are similarities. With Buddhism it is all about what you can make for yourself. Merely you can accomplish these ends, there is no outside bureau or high power than can supply them to you, while Christianity it is entirely based on belief and a higher power. Buddhism is based on direct experience and first-hand cognition. Christianity is a signifier of idolizing a higher power in exchange for the promise of salvation. Christians believe in God, but it is a Buddhist s pick whether or non they believe in a higher power. Christianity is based on the after life Eden and how they can make it to be with their God. Buddhism is based on life in the now. It is a manner of life. Buddhists try to populate a life of enlightenment free from the roots of enduring. Buddhism deals with interior peace, Nirvana, and Teachs reincarnation. The thought of wickedness does non be i n Buddhism ; neither does the penalty in the hereafter for them. The intent of Buddhism is to happen the cause of their agony, while the Christians try to populate a life free of wickedness and pray for salvation. Buddhism is more of a doctrine manner of thought. Christianity is much more set in rock. They have commandments and regulations to populate up to. Christians tend to concentrate on the bad, what they are making incorrect, and how they can make redemption. Buddhists tend to concentrate on more positive facets ; interior peace and acquiring rid of the roots of agony and sorrow. Buddhists meditate to research and alleviate themselves from sorrow, but the Christians use supplication and listen to prophesying of their beliefs to go closer to their God, and to have replies. Each faith uses such polar patterns ; meditating is so quiet, unagitated, and one on one, while prophesying is frequently done in an audience type of environment. Besides Buddhists believe in metempsychosis, but Christians believe in one life and one decease. Buddhism is about traveling through the wheel of life until honing one s ego into freedom, which would be liberating themselves from enduring and sorrow. Christian religion does merely one rhythm on the wheel and redemption is achieved by belief and inquiring for forgiveness from their wickednesss. Their one circle is so complete and they will be their God in the hereafter ( in Heaven ) . While both faiths may be really different in many ways, they both still teach positive mentalities. Each of these faiths are alone in their ain ways and require tonss of focal point and the right attitude to accomplish their ends. After analyzing in this category for the past few months, I have learned a batch about my ain faith, Christianity, and got a batch of inquiries I had answered. When comparing it to Buddhism, I see that both faiths have a batch of the same thoughts and rules. I think what I learned the most from analyzing about Buddhism is tolerance. Buddhists do non hold jobs coexisting with the other beliefs around them, unlike other major faiths. I ve ever felt like my faith is a small judgmental and critical at times, but Buddhism is all about handling others with kindness, and accepting who they are. I think a few Christians should take note of this. Besides, Buddhists do non coerce their faith on others as Christians frequently seem to make. After I have read everything, I would wish to believe I am a batch more opened minded to the faiths and thoughts around me. I am traveling to take some of the rules I have learned from Buddhism and use them to my twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life. The universe would be such a better topographic point with less judgment drifting about. After all, this is the lone life I have, so I am traveling to do it count and seek to make some good while I am on this Earth.

Leadership Qualities Essays - Christian Soteriology, Free Essays

Leadership Qualities Essays - Christian Soteriology, Free Essays Leadership Qualities The most meaningful and challenging experiences in my life have been through sports and the 4-H club. They have instilled the values of perseverance, confidence, and teamwork within me. I feel that my peers and others could learn valuable life lessons through participating in these organizations. They are not just clubs, but a guiding light for life. For example in sports I have had the opportunity to play on both losing and winning teams. This has given me a different perspective of looking at things. I now realize that even if you fail or lose that is no reason to give up, you still have to get right back up. Just realize your mistakes and errors. Then come back the next time, mentally and physically, ready to meet the challenge. To often in life youth and adults alike fail at something and automatically think that they cannot do it, and give up. Instead of just pushing themselves to run another lap, lift another set, study for another hour, or learn another theorem. Imagine a world if the early American settlers had given in to the British, if the North had given in to the South after the first loss of the civil war, or if Michael Jordan had given up after being cut from the team in high school. People just need to learn to have perseverance and believe in themselves. 4-H has been a series of stepping stones for me. When I first started out at age four I was shy and afraid to do things that I had not done before, but now I have blossomed into a confident and outgoing young man. I no longer fear getting up in front of large groups and speaking because of the experiences I've had in public speaking events. In addition, 4-H has given me the chance to develop myself as a leader. Over the years I have held various leadership positions on the club, county, and district levels. Also, 4-H has given me the chance to go into the community and help people by leading youth in workshops, assisting the handicap and elderly, and also learn from what others have to teach. In both of these organizations I learned the need for teamwork. For example last year my football team went 0-11 and the main reason because of that was we were not a team. Everyone had there own agendas and goals that they wanted to accomplish. In addition, if we were down everyone would try to put the blame on someone else instead of trying to lift one another up. It took us a while, but we finnaly learned that we must ban together as one. This year we are playing as a team and winning games.To often in life people tend to act like this, pulling someone down to make themselves look good for ther own personal gratifacation. People could learn from this mistake that my team made last year and start helping one another. So fellow students I say to you, when you are in a jam and breaking into a cold sweat and your first desire is to give up or quit, rethink the problem. Then be up and about the task at hand. When you try and reach out to give others a helping hand you not only help them, but you will be giving yourself a boost too.

Doubt script Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doubt script - Assignment Example nce, the innocent young nun, sister James is too trusting and easily convinced while sister Aloysius is quite her opposite, calculating and always giving a wide room to doubts about people. Such use of attributes keep readers weighing the feelings and arguments of the characters and therefore the narration can be said to be very engaging. 3. The inciting incident is found on page 29 wherein sister James suspiciously checks on Miller’s locker: â€Å"She goes to the locker. She opens it, a boy’s white T-shirt. She returns it to the locker puzzled.† 5. The rising action starts from the curiosity of sister James to her telling about it to the principal which eventually raised the red flag in the older nun’s mind that led her to investigate further on the circumstances. This leads to the confrontations between the people, gaining momentum as the priest affronts his accuser. 6. The climax is the scene when father Flynn comes up against sister Aloysius and reminds her of responsibilities to which the nun replies, â€Å"I will step outside the church if that’s what needs to be done, till the door should shut behind me! I will do what needs to be done, though I’m damned to Hell!† 8. The falling action starts from the time the priest sits on the principal’s chair, seemingly meditating on what transpired. Then, he announces to the congregation that he is leaving against his will to follow where the wind blows. 9. The resolution of the story clarifies that the principal did not actually call the priest’s former parish but that lie led to his resignation which to sister Aloysius, is his way of admitting his guilt. 10. If I were to adapt the play to a film, I would have made the principal really call the priest’s former parish and investigate further on him. Sure, there are protocols and limitations to what a nun can do but if only to make things right, the words the nun uttered should be put into action rather than just have them left as pure threats.

Assignment Questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignment Questions - Case Study Example The coefficient of population does not in any way affect any other coefficient or be affected. What we can derive from the population coefficient is that 3.48 is stronger tham 2.0 and 5.5 is stronger than 3.48. Current accounting information is sufficient. Cost of production of the items varies but there is cost that is associated to unused capacity in the firm. If Einstein Inc. decides to stop production of Product to the unused capacity in the factory such as space, engineers and production managers will have extra cost on the produced products. To avoid the extra cost from unused capacity the firm would have to sell more items from the items that are performing or to release the resources that would carry this extra cost such as retrenching managers involved in production of product 2 The period under which the economy heats up will require extra resources to produce product 1 and 4 to the maximum output. The information given in above is not enough to make a decision on how much is maximum output as there resources need to produce any of the products is not included. In calculating the maximum output for product 1 and 4 the firm needs to measure the maximum output of its resources (lumpiness of capacity). They need to establish the maximum capacity they can handle and factor it. The will also need to calculate the cost per unit during the maximum period considering the cost or unused capacity of product 2 and 5 and the limited capacity for product 3. Determining the unit cost of the product will enable the firm to calculate the maximum number of products they can produce for product 1 and 4 and take care of the unused capacity of other products also the firm will need to consider capacity product 3 which might increase the cost of production if the volumes reduce. The information provided is not sufficient, as the cost of production is not separate. While, this is true the focus on products